There are a few values within Active Directory that we like to keep up to date. The include things such as Telephone number, Title, Manager and department. By having accurate information, our Exchange Global Address List can be used as an effective company directory and search tool.
However, placing the burden of keeping these things up to date on myself as System Administrator isn’t acceptable, especially when the information is already in the hands of someone else.
Luckily I found a way to use an MMC control to delegate changes to certain personnel.
Note: This is only tested on Windows XP
To begin, create a user group called “ADedits” or something appropriate. Assign this group to the top level User OU in your structure, with special permissions for the following attributes:
Read Name
Read Display Name
Read First Name
Read Initials
Write telephoneassistant
Read/write adminDescription
Read/write adminDisplayname
Read/write assistant
Read/write fax numbers(other)
Read/write mobile number (other)
Read/write businessCategory
Read/write street
Read/write Notes
Read/write TelephoneNumber
Read/Write department
Read/Write Description
Read/Write Title
Read/Write Comment
Read/Write Fax Number
Read/Write Home Address
Read/Write Street Address
Read/Write Company
Read/Write Home Phone
Read/Write Home Phone (others)
Read/Write Mobile Number
Read/Write Pager Number (others)
Read/Write Phone Number (others)
Read/Write Pager Number
Read/Write roomNumber
Read/Write Post office Box
Read/Write PostalAddress
Read/Write Zip/PostalCode
Read/Write Manager
On the computers where the changes will be made, install the adminpak.msi package from here:
Then create an MMC file, with the Active Directory Users and Computers snap-in. Once thats loaded, right click on the container OU for your user accounts, and select “New Window from Here”. In the window list in the MMC control, close the original window, and then save the MMC for redistribution.
Now you have a control that targets only the Users OU, secured for specified people.
I had been receiving this DFSR error in the event logs for some time, and couldn’t find any real resolution on it. The exact text of the error is:
The DFS Replication service is stopping communication with partner “partner” for replication group “RG Group” due to an error. The service will retry the connection periodically.
Replication Group ID: B8242CE2-F5EB-47DA-BA5B-1DD2F7EE3AB9
This would cause a break in replication which wasn’t desirable during production hours. The strange thing was, it occurred every 5 minutes like clockwork, for all our servers separated by VPN.
I eventually discovered it was a problem with our Sonicwall devices providing the VPN connection. There was a 5 minute timeout value for TCP connections, which was being enforced on the DFSR connections for some reason.
While not an ideal solution, we have worked around this error by setting the value to a sufficiently high number.
UPDATE Sept 2011: I realized that the majority of this post was describing the problem and not the solution, so I’ve updated with clear instructions on what I’ve done to resolve this.
To start I only created these rules on my hub firewall at our head office. Doing them on each branch office wasn’t necessary.
I created address objects for each of my DFS servers, and placed them into two groups – one for local (from the firewall’s perspective) and one for servers across a VPN link.
Then using the firewall rules matrix, I create two rules, one in each of the indicated sections:
The two rules I created look like this:
On the properties for each rule, on the Advanced tab, increase the TCP connection timeout to some large value:
This was necessary for my Sonicwall Pro 4060 running SonicOS Enhanced 4.0.0.2-51e. In a couple of days we are replacing this with an NSA 2400 on SonicOS 5.8.x, so I’ll disable these rules to see if the issue still occurs on new hardware.
If you don’t use a print server in your Windows environment (for which there are many valid reasons) then printer management can be a major frustration. We don’t use a print server, but rather create static printers with local TCP/IP ports.
Installing these one by one, or updating drivers had become a drain on time, so I set about finding out how to silently deploy them to our client PC’s.
Getting Started
You’ll need a few support files to get this deployment working. The first are 3 vbs scripts:
prndrvr.vbs
prnmngr.vbs
prnport.vbs
You can find these in C:\Windows\System32 on a Windows XP machine.
Place the VBS scripts on a network share, perhaps where you’ll be storing the deployment batch files.
The Script
Below is the contents of a single printer install batch file. You can also combine multiple printer commands into one file, so that all printers in one office would be deployed at once.
This batch file should be run from somewhere other than the client PC you’re deploying to. Make sure you have PSexec somewhere in the path on that machine.
::This Script installs the following: ## denotes commented out by default
:: Printer Name
:: If you do not wish a certain printer to be installed, make a copy of this file, comment out the specific printer, and run the file
:: Define computer to push to, and the password to use for psexec authentication
set computername=TestPC
set password=pa55w0rd
:: Printer1 ::
:: Deletes previously installed printer of the specified name
cscript "\\server\Deploy\prnmngr.vbs" -d -s %computername% -p "Old Printer"
:: Deletes static port of previous printer, in case of mis-configuration
cscript "\\server\Deploy\prnport.vbs" -d -s %computername% -r IP_192.168.0.42
:: Creates TCP/IP port with specified IP address
cscript "\\server\Deploy\prnport.vbs" -a -s %computername% -r IP_192.168.0.28 -h 192.168.0.28 -o raw -n 9100
:: Copies driver for printer from server to local directory
psexec \\%computername% -u domain\adminaccount -p %password% xcopy /E "\\server\Printer\HP 4500ps W2K-WXP\*.*" "c:\printdrv\"
::Install printer driver to computer from specified location.
cscript "\\server\Deploy\prndrvr.vbs" -a -s %computername% -m "HP Designjet 4500ps HP-GL/2" -v 3 -e "Windows NT x86" -h "c:\printdrv" -i "c:\printdrv\dsgj4500.inf"
:: Removes local directory containing print driver
psexec \\%computername% -u domain\adminaccount -p %password% cmd.exe "/C rmdir /S /Q "c:\printdrv\""
:: Install the printer, using the print driver specified prior.
cscript "\\server\Deploy\prnmngr.vbs" -a -s %computername% -p "Plotter3" -m "HP Designjet 4500ps HP-GL/2" -r IP_192.168.0.28 -u domain\adminaccount -w %password%
:: Sets the Printer Properties according to a template created prior
psexec \\%computername% -u domain\adminaccount -p %password% regedit.exe /s \\server\Deploy\Preferences\SurveyPrinter-WinXP.reg
pause
If you’re deploying to Windows 7 x64, make sure you’re using x64 drivers, and then in the driver install section, change this: -e “Windows NT x86” to this: -e “Windows x64”
As shown in the last command, you can set printer properties (such as including a duplexer, stapler, additional paper trays) by installing the printer on a test machine, configuring the options you want, and then exporting this registry key:
You can also modify Printer Preferences using the same method. The registry key to export there is:
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Printers\DevModePerUser]
If you’re doing this, you’ll want to remove the extra printers from that key, and it must be run by the user who needs the preferences. Because of that I haven’t found a way to deploy the Printer Preferences directly to a user. Instead I just distribute the .reg file for them to run.
HP Printer Drivers
Recent versions of the HP printer drivers have been having problems installing using the VBS script. Because of this, a different command is used to install them:
Over Christmas I deployed a two node Hyper-V Failover Cluster with a Dell MD3220i SAN back end. Its been running for almost a month with no issues, and I’m finally finishing the documentation.
My apologies if the documentation appears “jumpy” or incomplete, as half was done during the setup, and the other half after the fact. If you’d like clarification or have any questions, just leave a comment.
2 x Dell PowerEdge R410 servers with 2xGigE NICs onboard, and one 4 port GigE expansion card
Dell MD3220i with 24 x 300 GB 15krpm 2.5″ SAS drives + High performance option
Dell MD1200 with 7 x 300 GB 15krpm 3.5″ SAS drives and 5 x 2 TB 7200 near-line 3.5″ SAS drives
No switch – since this is only two nodes, we are direct-connecting. Once we add a 3rd node, we will implement redundant switches
Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2008 R2 (basically Server 2008 R2 Core, but free)
Hyper-V Manager and Failover Cluster Manager (free tools from RSAT). We may eventually use System Center Virtual Machine Manager, but for an environment this small, its not necessary.
Network Design
The only hardware related information I’m going to post is in regards to the network design. Everyone’s power and physical install is going to be different, so I’ve left that out.
Only connect one LAN port from each server until you have NIC teaming set up.
With this setup, the two onboard NICs for each host will be NIC Teamed and used as LAN connections. The 4 other NICs will be iscsi NICs, with two ports going to each controller on the MD3220i.
As you can see, each NIC has its own subnet; there is a total of 8 subnets for the iscsi storage, with 2 devices (Host NIC and Controller NIC) in each.
I tried this at one point with 3 NICs per host for iSCSI, so that the 4th would be dedicated for Hyper-V management, but I ran into nothing but problems.
Software Setup
Install OS
Burn the latest version of Hyper-V Server 2008 R2 to two DVD’s
Insert DVDs into each Hyper-V host, and turn on the servers. Enter the BIOS Config
Ensure that within the BIOS, all virtualization options are enabled.
Restart the server and ensure the two 146GB hard drives are configured in a RAID1 array. If not, correct that.
Boot to the Hyper-V Server DVD (use F11 for Boot Manager)
Proceed through the setup accepting defaults.
When asked about Installation type, choose “Custom (Advanced)”
You will need to provide a USB stick with the S300 RAID controller drivers before you can continue with setup.
On the next screen, choose “Drive Options (advanced)”, and delete all existing partitions, unless there is a recovery partition.
Click Next and the install will proceed.
When the install is finished, you will need to specify an admin password.
Then you will be presented with the following screen:
Press 2 to change the computer name to the documented server name.
Choose option 4 to configure Remote Management.
Choose option 1 – Allow MMC Remote management
Choose option 2 – Enable Windows PowerShell, then return to main menu.
Choose option 8 – Network Settings; configure a single LAN port according to your design, so that you can remote in.
Go back to main menu.
Choose option 11 – Failover Clustering Feature – choose to add this. When complete, restart.
Then we need to add the server to the domain. Press 1 and push enter.
Choose D for domain, and press enter
Type your domain name and press enter
Allow installer to restart the computer.
Choose option 6 – Download Updates to get the server up to date. (Windows Update will managed by WSUS)
Choose All items to update.
When complete, restart the server.
Remote Management Setup & Tools
From settings done previously, you should be able to use Remote Desktop to remote into the servers now. However, additional changes need to be made to allow device and disk management remotely.
Start an MMC and add two Group Policy snap-in. Choose the two Hyper-V Hosts instead of local computer.
Then on each host, navigate to:
Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > System > Device Installation > Allow Remote access to plug and play interface (set as enabled).
Restart each Hyper-V host
The best way to manage a Hyper-V environment without SCVMM is to use the MMC snap-ins provided by the Windows 7 Remote Server Administration Tools. (Vista instructions below). Windows 7 RSAT tools
Once installed, you need to enable certain features from the package. In the Start Menu, type “Programs”, and open “Programs & Features” > “Turn Windows Features on or off”.
When you reach that window, use these screenshots to check off the appropriate options:
Hyper-V Management can be done from Windows Vista, with this update:
However, the Failover Cluster Manager is only available within Windows Server 2008 R2 or Windows 7 RSAT tools.
You may also need to enable firewall rules to allow Remote Volume Management, using this command from an elevated command prompt on your client:
netsh advfirewall firewall set rule group="Remote Volume Management" new enable=yes
This command needs to be run on the CLIENT you’re accessing from as well.
NIC Setup
The IP Addresses of the storage network cards on the Hyper-V hosts needs to be configured, which is easier once you can remote into the Hyper-V Host.
NIC Teaming
With the Dell R410’s, the two onboard NICs are Broadcom. To install the teaming software, we first need to enable the dot net framework within each Hyper-V host.
Copy the install package to the Hyper-V host, and run setup.exe from the driver install, and install BACS.
When setting up the NIC Team, we chose 802.3ad protocol for LACP, which works with our 3COM 3848 switch.
For ease of use you’ll want to use the command line to rename the network connections, and set their IP addresses. To see all the interfaces, use this command:
netsh int show interface
This will display the interfaces that are connected. You can work one by one to rename them as you plug them in and see the connected state change.
This is the rename command:
netsh int set int "Local Area Connection" newname="Servername-STG-1"
And this is the IP address set command:
netsh interface ip set address name="Servername-STG-1" static 10.0.2.3 255.255.255.0
Do this for all four storage LAN NIC’s on each server. To verify config:
netsh in ip show ipaddresses
If the installation of BACS didn’t update the drivers, copy the folder containing the INF file, and then use this command from that folder:
pnputil -i -a *.inf
If you can’t access the .inf files, you can also run the setup.exe from the command line. This was successful for the Broadcom driver update and Intel NICs.
Server Monitoring
We use a combination of SNMP through Cacti, and Dell OpenManage Server Administrator for monitoring. These Hyper-V Hosts are no exception and should be set up accordingly.
SNMP
To set up SNMP, on the server in the command line type
start /w ocsetup SNMP-SC
You’ll then need to configure the snmp. The easiest way to do this is to make a snmp.reg file from this text:
Copy it to the server, and then in the command line type:
regedit /s snmp.reg
Then add the server as a device in Cacti and begin monitoring.
Dell OMSA
To install OMSA on Hyper-V Server 2008 R2, copy the files to the server, and then from the command line, navigate to the folder that contains sysmgmt.msi, and run this:
msiexec /i sysmgmt.msi
The install will complete, and then you can follow the instructions for setting up the email notifications which I have found from this awesome post:
The MD3220i needs to be configured with appropriate access and network information.
Before powering on the MD3220i, see if you can find the MAC Addresses for the managment ports. If so, create a static DHCP assignment for those MAC’s aligning with the IP configuration you have designed.
Otherwise, the default IP’s are 192.168.128.101 and 192.168.128.102
Remote management
The MD Storage Manager software needs to be installed to manage the array. You can download the latest version from Dell.
Once installed, do an automatic search for the array so configuration can begin.
Ensure that email notifications are set up to the appropriate personnel.
Premium Feature Enable
We have purchased the High Performance premium feature. To enable:
In the MD Storage Manager, click Storage Array > Premium Features
Select the High Performance feature and click Enable
Navigate to where the key file is saved, and choose it.
Disk Group/Virtual Disk Creation
Below is an image of our disk group, virtual disk, and CSV design. What works for us may not be most suitable for everyone else.
Click for big, readable version
Each virtual disk maps to a virtual machine’s drive letter.
My only concern with this setup is the 2 TB limit for a VHD. By putting our DFS shares into a VHD, we will eventually approach that limit and need to find some resolution. At the moment I decided this was still a better solution than direct iscsi disks.
MD3220i ISCSI Configuration
Configure iSCSI Host ports
In the Array Manager, click “Storage Array” > iSCSI > Configure Host Ports…
In the iSCSI host port list, select the RAID controller and host port, and assign IP addresses according to your design
For every port, choose “Advanced Port Settings”
Turn Jumbo Frames on for every iSCSI port
Create Host Mappings for Disk access
In the Array Manager, choose the “Mappings” tab
Click “Default Group” and select Define > New Group
Name this: Hyper-V-Cluster
Within that group, add two new hosts. Here’s how to get the Host initiator ID:
Log into hyper-v host, go to command prompt, type: iscsicpl
On the Configuration tab, copy and paste “initiator name” within the MD Storage software.
Hyper-V ISCSI Configuration
Remote into the Hyper-V hosts.
In the command line, type and press enter (case sensitive):
start /w ocsetup MultipathIo
Type mpiocpl
On the second tab, check to enable iscsi support.
Follow the MPIO driver install instructions I previously wrote about here: https://faultbucket.ca/2010/12/md3220i-mpio-driver-install-on-hyper-v/
Reboot the server after that.
Again on each Hyper-V host, from the command line, type iscsicpl. If prompted to start service, choose yes.
When the iSCSI window appears, enter any IP address of the MD3220i controller, and click QuickConnect.
A discovered target should appear there, with a status of “Connected”.
Highlight that target, and select “properties”. The “Sessions” window will appear, with one session listed (I know the screenshot is wrong).
Check that session, and click “Disconnect”, then click OK.
On the main ISCSI window (where you clicked QuickConnect), select “Connect”
Then check off “enable multipath”, and click Advanced
Select the Microsoft iSCSI initiator, and then set up the appropriate source and target IP, according to the iscsi config here:
Do this for each storage NIC on each server. There should be 4 connections per server.
Then click the “Volumes and devices” tab, and select Auto-Configure”. You should see one entry for each disk group you made.
Now we should be able to go to disk management of a single server, create quorum witness disk and your simple volumes.
Disk Management
If you haven’t performed the steps in the Remote Management & Tools section, do so now.
Create an mmc with Disk Management control for one Hyper-V host
You will see your 3 disks within this control, as offline and unallocated.
You want to initialize them as GPT devices, and create a simple volume with all the space used.
Name the 2GB one (which was created during disk group setup on the MD3220i) as Quorum.
Those steps only need to be applied to a single server, since its shared storage.
Further disk setup happens after the Failover Cluster has been created.
Storage Network Config and Performance changes
Jumbo Frames
To enable jumbo frames, I followed the instructions found here:
Other than what I discovered through the setup process and have included in the documentation, there were no real issues found.
Oddly enough, as I was gathering screenshots for this post, remoting into the servers and using the MMC control, one of the Hyper-V hosts restarted itself. I haven’t looked into why yet, but the live migration of the VM’s to the other host was successful, without interrupting the OS or client access at all!
Nothing like trial by fire to get the blood pumping.
About to run out of space on the volume hosting a DFS folder target? I just about did, and had to take quick steps to move to a bigger volume. This page describes the process and commands used.
Note: This process will perform an initial replication within your replication group. As far as I’ve found, there is no way around it, so make sure you’re scheduling enough time for this to complete.
One of our replication groups is approaching 800 GB and almost 1 million files, and growing; and we were down to 2 GB free space remaining on the volume. Our environment at the time was fully Server 2008 x64.
Pre-Seed
After creating a larger volume for the files to move to, you will begin with Pre-Seeding your data. As recommended in the Ask DS post above, this should be a one-time operation. It was difficult for us to schedule this copy along with a time window for the initial sync, but we managed.
If you can, disable the folder targets so changes aren’t made during your file copy:
dfsutil property state offline \\domain.ca\files\jobs \\server\jobs$
The last two values of that command is the DFS path, and the folder target. Do this for each folder target.
It is VERY important that your destination folder does not exist before you pre-seed. Let the robocopy command create it for you. You can also use other pre-seed options mentioned in the Ask DS post above.
File Check
After the pre-seed, you’ll want to confirm DFSR recognizes the files as identical. If you don’t do this, you will get a ridiculous amount of conflicts in the event log during the inital sync. Trust me, I know this through experience.
To check the files you’ll need Server 2008 R2 or Windows 7 RSAT, and this command:
The same CRC value should be returned for each command. If not, then you’ve got a problem somewhere in your pre-seeding.
Change Share Path
Now you need to change the share target, so that the folder target will still be \\server\jobs$ (or whatever you’re using).
Open Regedit and navigate to: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanManServer\Shares
Find the REG_MULTI_SZ entry that corresponds to the DFS share and modify only the “Path” line to refer to the new path.
In my case, I changed Jobs$ share from F:\ to E:\. A restart is required before this takes effect, but we waited until after the next command.
Transfer DFSR Membership Settings
Now you need to tell DFSR that the location has changed. This is the command that starts the initial replication. Make sure this command is all one line.
